Summary
Grounds for the development of “Batashki Snejnik”
Protected Area Management Plan.
“Batashki Snejnik” PA Management Plan is an element
of effective functioning of the landscape and biodiversity conservation
system of significant protected areas in Western Rhodopes. The Plan
is a part of UNDP National Project 33627 “Protection of the globally
significant biodiversity and landscape of Rhodopes” (“Rhodope” Project).
Rhodope Project is a common initiative of UNDP, Ministry of Agriculture
and Forests (MAF), financed by the Global Ecology Fund (GEF).
The strategic goals of UNDP/ GEF is to support the
protection of the globally significant biodiversity and encourage
its sustainable use in Rhodope region. For the implementation of
these goals the development of “Batashki Snejnik” PA Management
Plan is based mostly on Protected Areas Law and Biodiversity Law,
Ordinance for development of protected areas’ management plans,
Terms of Reference for “Batashki Snejnik” PA Management Plan and
Contract N 37 with the Investor UNDP- Rhodope Project.
Purpose of the Plan
The purpose of the Plan is to be the instrument of
PA management, taking into consideration the requirements and goals
of nature protection, regional development, balance of interests
and co- ordination of institutions, other stakeholders and NGO.
The Plan goal is to define and include a system of
basic activities and measures for the achievement of the established
long- term goals.
Special feature of the Management Plan
A special feature of the Management Plan is the necessity
of management decisions development for the conservation of protected
area according to PAL and high priority mountain habitats, identified
by BL. This special feature defines the MP as a guiding management
tool for the activities and measures it respect to high conservation
value of PA.
The process of Plan development- participants, public
discussions
The process follows the requirements specified in
ToR of “Batashki Snejnik” PA Management Plan endorsed by MAF and
MoEW.
The MP development team of experts
The team includes interdisciplinary membership to
resolve the various aspects of PA conservation, development of scientific
and educational programs, information and communication policy and
ecotourism activities. The team includes representatives of the
scientific and academic community and experts in planning and management
of protected areas.
Stakeholders’ participation procedure
A procedure is assured for the participation of all
the interested governmental (MoEW,MoEW- NSNP, MAF-NFB, MRDPW, MoC)
and local (RioEW- Pazardjik, RFB- Pazardjik,, Batak FS, Borovo SGBS,
Pazardjik Province Administration, Batak Municipality Administration)
authorities, academic societies, the Investor UNDP/ Rhodope Project,
private owners, general public representatives and NGOs who participated
in the management plan decision making.
Workshops and public discussions
A workshop to announce the beginning, goals and process
of MP development was held on 13.06.2006 in the town of Batak.
Seminar “ Sustainable ecotourism in “Batashki Snejnik”
PA- considered in the management plan” was held on 18.12.2006 in
the town of Batak. In the Seminar program were discussed the modern
tendencies in Batak municipality tourism development, tourist complex
“Batak Dam lake”, the relation to neighboring tourist routes and
protected areas in the Southern Central Development Region. The
participants were informed about the results of the implemented
studies within the Plan development framework. A project for functional
zoning was presented and the planned opportunities for ecotourism
use of PA territory. A discussion was held about the specific zones,
regimes, standards and recommendations for the protection of biodiversity,
development and ecotourism use, educational and interpretative programs
and projects.
Public discussion of the Draft “Batashki Snejnik”
PA Management Plan, according to art. 12(1); art. 13; art.14 of
Ordinance for development of protected areas’ management plans.
The recommendations are included in the Plan according to ODPAMP.
Studies and activities
The Management Plan is a result of systematic feasibility
studies and planning which took place in the period May 2006- January
2007. The activities include summarizing of the existing basic information
presented in the Inception Report submitted to UNDP/Rhodope Project,
field studies, including intermediate forest inventory of forests
and lands, habitat mapping, priority species of flora and fauna,
studies on current projects, programs, regional development plans,
plans and projects on municipal level, documents related to the
declaration of the protected area and others related to its territorial
span, meetings and discussions which identified the specific characteristics
of the place and its specific problems of ecological, cultural,
social and economic aspect. The key role in this process have contacts
with stakeholders and their affiliation to Plan ideas. The results
of the study process are presented in the Mid term report submitted
to UNDP/ Rhodope Project on 01.11.2006 and in the MP itself.
Total area, land use and administrative land division
The “Batashki Snejnik” PA total area according to
formally endorsed digital model of the local Cadastral Plan (Map
of restored Property), the information about PA boundaries provided
by MoEW-NSNP and the results from the intermediate forest inventory
is 1073.7 ha. The areas falling within Batak town community are
805.6 ha, and the ones in Nova Mahala village community are 268.1
ha. The forest management compartments included in the PA territory
are: 46 а-г,1,2; 47 а-д,1-8; 48 а-и, 1-4; 63 а-к, 1-6; 64 а-л, 1-3;
65 а-ж, 1; 66 б-д, ж,и,1,2; 67 в-ж; 68 ж,з; 69 г, д,3; 78 б-и,1,2;
91 а-и,1-4; 92 а-д, 1-4; 93 а-к,1,2; 94 а-д,ж,з,и,1-3; 95 а-д,1-3;
96 а-ж, 1-6; 97 а-ж, 1-7; 98 а-з, 1-8, 112 а-г, 1-9, of total area
1073.7 ha., all administered by Batak State Forestry.
Function of the territories
According to Design of Territory Law the function
of the PA territories is “forest lands”- “protected areas- for nature
protection” (art.8, par.4). According to the Unified Cadastral Classificator
the “Batashki Snejnik” PA lands by the type of land use are classified
as “territories covered by natural resources for reclamation activities”.
Property
All the forests and lands on the territory of PA
are public state property, according to art. 10(1) of PAL.
Legal status of PA and legal framework
The boundaries and regime of “Batashki Snejnik” PA
are determined according to Order N 3700 from 29.12.1972 of MFPE.
With Order РД- N53 of the Minister of environment and waters, SG
num. 17/2004, are closed the historical sites “Teheran” and “Chaushev
chark”, situated within the PA boundaries. Their territory continue
to keep the PA regime. The status and use regime of “Batashki Snejnik”
PA are determined mostly by PAL, BL and FL.
Management
The management and guarding of “Batashki Snejnik”
PA are implemented by MAF- NFB, through its regional and local structures-
RFB- Pazardjik and Batak State Forestry.
Abiotic factors of environment
Climatic conditions in the region are favorable for
the thriving of spruce, fir, beech, Scots pine and other tree species.
From geomorphological point of view, “Batashki Snejnik” PA is situated
on the northern slope of the mountain range and Batashki Snejnik-
2082 m. is its tallest mount. The PA hydrograph network covers the
upper part of Cherna reka, Bialata reka, Karlashka reka, Kamenitsa
and Tikla dere watersheds. These watercourses are part of Stara
Reka watershed, a right tributary of Maritsa river. The PA hydrograph
network has large and irregular slopes, frequently with non- permanent
water flow and sometimes with short term high water levels. During
the studies was found that river beds and banks are not destroyed
by the water courses. There are no data for torrent activity.
In the territory of PA are presented the following
soils: dark- colored mountain soil- 547.9 ha, dark brown forest
soil- 256.8 ha, brown forest soil- 209.9 ha and light brown forest
soil- 16.6 ha. Soil erosion process is goring very slowly and makes
no damage of practical significance. The soil is properly protected
by the existing forest, shrub and grass vegetation.
Biodiversity
For the evaluation of PA biological characteristics
are used studies actual data as well as existing results from past
studies.
Habitats
In the current management plan the habitat types
are developed according to EUNIS classification (the codes are according
to EUNIS habitat type hierarchical view of 18.05.2005) and its relations
to other classifications (NATURA 2000 and Classification of palearctic
habitats 1996).
All the mapped natural habitats- 9 types, are included
in the BL as “priority ones”.
Vegetation
Vegetation cover is a part of two belts: coniferous
and beech ones, but in practice only one- the coniferous one (1600-
1700 m.) is present in the field. In the western part of PA (in
the Biala reka watershed) is better represented the transitional
zone between beech and conifers- 1400- 1600 m.
Vegetation classification
For classification purposes in the process of plan
development were used the methods of sigmatic school (Braun- Blanquet
1964) and Dominant Method Classification.
Forest Vegetation
For the needs of the Management Plan is performed
an inventory of protected area stands according to the regulations
for intermediate forest inventory, stated in Ordinance N 6/ 05.02.2004
(State Gazette N27/2004) for forest management planning in Republic
of Bulgaria.
The coniferous forests predominate- 922.6 ha or 89.4%
of the forested area. Presented are also broadleaved high- stem
forests- 108.6 ha or 10.6% of PA forested area. Forest plantations
cover only 11.7 ha or 1.1% of PA forested area. Non- forested productive
lands cover 1.0 ha (0.1%) and non- productive forest lands cover
42.5 ha, or 3.9% of the total PA territory. Out of the non- productive
lands, the glades cover the largest territory- 19.9 ha (1.8% of
the total area), followed by the non- productive forest lands covered
by forest and scrub vegetation- 14.8 ha (1.4% of the total area).
The rest 7.8 ha are covered by rocks, water catchment facilities,
roads, etc.
The summarized data of taxation characteristics of
the stands show that the average age of the PA stands is 111 years,
mean stand volume of 365 m3/ha, mean annual increment
is 3.35 m3/ha, average stocking rate is 0.61 and site
index is 2.6. The total standing volume is 376360 m3.
On the territory of the protected area are presented
pure and mixed stands of spruce, fir and Scots pine. In the stand
composition participate only 4 species. The largest area covers
spruce- 693.1 ha, beech covers 153.1 ha, fir- 117.4 ha and Scots
pine 66.6 ha. By single specimens in the stands are presented aspen,
mountain willow, birch and rowan. Distribution of the forested area
by age class is irregular. The largest area covers the sixth age
class (101- 120 years)- 39.0% of the total, followed by the seventh
age class (121- 140 years)- 28.5% of the total. The rest of the
age classes vary between 1 and 19% of the total forested area.
Part of “Batashki Snejnik” PA forests implement special
functions according to FL and water supply zone are 249.8 ha, timberline
protective forest covers 215.7 ha, seed stands are 52.5 ha, non-
productive forest lands covered with tree and scrub vegetation are
14.8 ha and capercaille matting sites are 148.7 ha.
Flora
Fungi- on the “Batashki Snejnik” PA are established
76 species.
Higher plants- established are 273 species, 11 sub
species, 3 varieties of 28 taxa. The species are distributed in
190 genera and 56 families. The mosses are 22 species.
Of the higher plants 54 species of 27 families are
of conservation status or 19% and 46% correspondingly of the established
species and families. In the Red Data Book of Bulgaria are included
4 rare species- Angelica pancici, Senecio pancici, Gentianella
praecox and Viola rhodopea. Under the regime of protection
and regulated use, according to Biodiversity Law (BL- Annex 4) are
2 species Dryopteris filix- mas and Polystichum lochnitis.
Of Annex II of CITES convention 5 species are present in PA. Large
is the number of Balkan endemics- 14 species. The Bulgarian endemic
Viola rhodopea is also established in PA. Balkan Peninsula
sub endemics are 11 species. Tertiary relicts are 12 and the glacial
ones are 10 species.
Medicinal plants in “Batashki Snejnik” PA-
the half (50%) of these species fall under the clauses of Medicinal
plants Law- 144 taxa (139 species, 4 sub species, 1 variety) of
50 families. Of conservation status are 25 of the established
medicinal plants, pertaining to 19 families. In the Bulgarian Red
Data Book is included Angelica pancici, classified as “rare”.
In Annex N 4 of BL are included Dryopteris filix- mas and
Polystichum lochnitis. Of Annex II of CITES convention is
included Orchis morio. Medicinal plants are also 1 Bulgarian,
2 Balkan endemics, 9 tertiary and 6 glacial relicts. Under a special
regime of protection and use are 8 of the established medicinal
plants (Order N РД- 72/03/0.2.2006 of MoEW)- 3 are banned for collection
for trade and industrial purposes and 5 are under a limited regime
for collection for trade and industrial purposes.
Fauna
Amphibians- The established and likely species
for the region are 10. Batrachofauna of Bulgaria includes 18 species
what means that in the region are presented 55% of the available
species.
Reptiles- In the territory of “Batashki Snejnik”
PA are presented 4 species- 2 lizards and 2 snakes.
Ornithofauna. Registered are 60 species. The
rare and threatened by extinction bird species, which protection
is priority, are 9 species. The presence of 7 nesting species is
determined by the characteristics of environment- mostly of forest
character as well as open range with little tree vegetation. The
presence of sub alpine territories is the reason for the presence
of Phoenicurus ochrurus, Prunella collaris, Anthus spinoletta,
Turdus torquatus, which are among the species of Annex 3 of
BL an the last tree species are rare for the country and Europe.
Small mammals- the species composition includes
24 species and here are included not only the species inhabiting
the PA but as well the likely species for the neighboring territories.
The established species composition is about 50% of the terrestrial
small mammal fauna of the country. This group is significant mostly
as a food base for the large mammals and as propagators of some
plant species. Typical high mountain species are 5. With relatively
high conservation status are 3 species. By indirect signs of their
activity were established 6 more species.
Bats- For the establishment of bat species
composition are made 70 records with a supersound detector made
throughout the PA territory and 11 species were recorded. All the
established bats are under the protection of the national and international
legislation and number of international conventions, ratified by
Republic of Bulgaria. All the species of Pipistrelus genus
are protected by CITES as well.
Large mammals- Fourteen species are inhabiting
the region, what is about 60 % of the terrestrial large mammals
of the country. According to data from Borovo SGBS, the region is
inhabited by a female bear with a cub and a she wolf and a cub.
Another valuable species is chamois, for which the PA territory
is only a transition corridor.
PA use and social and economic aspects
- Municipal index of human development
According to National Report for human development
of Bulgaria, 2003 prepared by UNDP, the human development index
of Batak Municipality is rated as 115th of the 262 municipalities
in Bulgaria. The Batak Municipality is classified as “mountain type”
together with 20 more municipalities and is rated 2nd,
after Rila Municipality (Rural areas: overcoming unequal development”,
UNDP, 2003). The level of HDI of Batak Municipality is rated 5th
among the 11 municipalities of Pazardjik province.
- Hunting, fishing, gathering of natural products
On the territory of PA hunting is not practiced due
to the ban, specified in the PA declaration order. According to
an Order of the NFB- MAF is expanded the scope of game management
activities of Borovo SGBS, neighboring the “Batashki Snejnik” PA.
Mushroom gathering is practiced but only for personal
use. The rest of forest by- products use are included as bans in
the regime of PA, specified in the Declaration Order. The number
of the established species of conservation status, including the
protected medicinal plants species, medicinal plants of limited
use regime requires the preservation of the current nature protection
status of the territory.
- Tourism, recreation, sport, services
The protected area has limited access. Traditionally
established, are routes from the town of Batak, and the villages
Nova Mahala and Fotinovo. The territory of “Batshki Snejnik” PA
is subject to tourist visits and tours of pedestrian tourism of
various goals. Currently, on the territory of PA and the neighboring
territories tourist and information services are not established.
There are no facilities for overnight accommodation, regimented
camp sites and refuges in the PA.
The existing accommodation facilities in Batak Municipality
(November 2006) include 1200 beds, including the tourist agglomeration
of “Batak Dam lake” tourist complex and the available beds in the
buildings of Batak forestry and Borovo game breeding station. The
number of visitors coming for recreation is the largest in relation
to the other aquatic tourist places of the municipality. The number
of visitors varies between 6500 to 7000 people annually. For the
period 2000- 2005, the number of tourists, that visited the local
History Museum of Batak town is 150 426 people.
- The public attitude towards the PA
Within MP development process is carried out a study
about the attitude of the public to the protected area, with representatives
of local people, external visitors, pupils, etc. Inquiry lists for
various age groups and nature protection interests are developed.
The inquiry process was carried out with the active participation
of Batak Tourist Information Center. The theme of inquiry lists
is “Interest and knowledge about “Batashki Snejnik” PA”. Due attention
is paid to the expectations and interests for nature protection,
ecotourism, rural tourism and their development opportunities in
the region and PA territory. Inquiry lists provide also information
about behavior and regime in the PA.
Landscape
In the territory of PA is presented mostly “Forest
landscape” type, which includes 114 landscapes, distributed all
around the PA territory. On the territory of “Batashki Snejnik”
PA are established the following landscape subtypes “Forest coniferous”,
covering 690.2 ha, “Forest broadleaved high stem”, covering 105.1
ha, “Forest coniferous- broadleaved high stem”, covering 136.0 ha,
“Forest broadleaved- coniferous”, covering 98.9 ha and “Open range”
are 43.5 ha.
Within the Management Plan framework the protection
of landscapes is described as separate problem and policy of protection
and management. Natural landscapes are under self regulation processes.
The maintenance of balance in the landscape and forming of balanced
state in the different landscape types and their ecosystems is reflected
in the management plan functional zoning of the territory and the
proposed regimes.
Ecological, social and economic assessment
Includes overview of the existing information and
its assessment according to equal criteria for the ecological factors
and according to other criteria for cultural, social and economic
data. The following degrees are adopted: “low”, average”, “high”
and importance: “national”, “European”, “world”. The assessments
are made separately for the PA and neighboring territories, according
to the existing regimes. The criteria and indicators for the ecological
assessment are “vulnerability”, “rarity”, “naturalness”, “typicalness”,
“size”, “biodiversity”, “stability and instability”, pertaining
to the landscape, habitats, vegetation, forest vegetation, floristic
and faunistic species. The influence of social and economic factors
is assessed with the degrees “positive” and “negative”. The indicators
are urbanized areas, infrastructure facilities, tourist routes,
information system, property, management. As result of the assessment
are formed basic and specific problems of the territory.
Main goals determination
First main goal: Protection and restoration
of valuable mountain landscapes and priority natural habitats with
species of conservation value.
- Rehabilitation of impacted landscapes by destroyed and non-
maintained structures, places of interest and infrastructure
facilities;
- Increased security for the protection of habitats, floristic
and faunistic species;
- Suspension of game management activities and uses of Borovo
SGBS, contradicting to the established goals and Declaration
order of PA.
Second main goal: Carrying out of scientific
research and ecological monitoring on PA territory.
- Filling knowledge main gaps;
- Maintenance of the collected information database related
to the current Management Plan;
- Environmental monitoring according to the provisions of the
current plan.
Third main goal: Optimizing the boundaries
and size of protected area, including new representative habitats.
- Inclusion of new areas to the south, with bog forest habitats
(wet sites along dam lakes and high underground waters) and
mountain hay meadows with partial participation of mountain
scrub of Siberian juniper in the upper slope parts of Batshki
Snejnik peak.
Secondary goals determination
First secondary goal: PA management policy
improvement.
- Establishment of a section at Batak SFS to administer “Batashki
Snejnik” PA:
- Establishment of General Consultation Council (GCC) for the
protected areas which have adopted management plans for Batak
Municipality. Elaboration of GCC statute- book.
- Development of communication policy:
- Participation of NGOs and volunteers in the administration
and management of the places, popularizing of the routes, etc.
Second secondary goal: Development of the
existing opportunities for ecotourism and educational ecologic activities.
Income opportunities.
- Creation of prerequisites, through the implementation of MP
specified activities, for good management of tourist flow and
ecotourst use of PA;
- Appropriate measures to exhibit representative communities
of PA;
- Improvement of the state of the existing tourist routes, securing,
provision of benches, shelters, small wooden bridges, refuges;
- Development of information system, supplied with information
boards, signs, refuges- visitor information sites;
- Restoration of Teheran tourist base, with opportunity for
an information center establishment, providing also educational
activities;
- Development of educational activities for the children, ecological
knowledge and nature protection behavior by age groups. Development
of interpretative programs.
- Generation of income for the local communities, management
bodies and users.
Zoning and function of the zones
In order to achieve the long term Management Plan
goals, in PA territory are established zones with specific functional
use. The zone determination is according to the characteristics
and goals of the PA.
Zone of priority natural habitats with species of
nature conservation value- 93.95%
Span: Includes priority natural forest, meadow,
and rock habitats, according to NATURA 2000 and Palearctic classification,
included in BL and mapped for the PA territory (4060, 31.43, 6230,
6430, 6520, 8220, 9130, 91 BA, 91CA, 9410), classified according
to EUNIS classification (the codes are according to EUNIS habitat
type hierarchical view of 18.05.2005) and its relations to other
classifications (NATURA 2000 and Palearctic habitat classification,
1996).
Function:
- Protection of valuable natural habitats, classified as rare
for our and European mountains, representative cenozes of the
natural vegetation, which make “Batashki Snejnik” specially
valuable mountain ecosystem, which protection is a necessity.
As priority for the needs of MP and reflected in the functional
zoning are all the 9 types of forest, range and rock habitats.
Zone of tourist routes with rest places and observation-
6.05% of PA territory
Span: Includes all tourist routes, rest places
and observation points, regimented by the MP in the PA and neighboring
territories. The information system with educational purposes is
a part of the zone span. The zone includes strips 50 meters wide
along each route, what is the visible span in forested conditions.
Function
Directing of the visitors along traditional tourist
routes and sites and exposing, through an information system and
direct observation of representative vegetation communities.
- Provision of opportunities for observation from special observation
points, located in PA, in order to popularize the landscape
of PA;
- Education for various age and interest groups;
- Visits of research goals.
Recommendations related to optimization of PA boundary
and territory.
Increase of PA territory to the south, to include
areas of different habitats to the ones already present in PA. As
result of the new recommended borders, new habitats in a region
rich of water springs and forests near timberline will be included
in PA territory. The proposal includes two separate complexes, which
total area is 113.0 ha.
Establishment of priorities
The priority directions for the 10 years of MP implementation
period are based on criteria, flowing from:
- National and international documents, plans and strategies;
- Basic guidelines of Rhodope Project- “Protection of globally
significant biodiversity and landscape diversity of Rhodopes”;
- Ecological, social and economic assessment developed in MP;
- Priorities and needs of the local communities.
Program and projects
In the framework of MP implementation, for the achievement
of its goals, a set of programs and projects will be implemented,
by directions, presented in a Work Plan with recommended deadlines
and necessary financing evaluated by expert approximate values.
Work plan
Midterm Work Plan is developed including activities
and projects for the first 5 years of MP implementation, of total
value 1 950 000 leva.
Monitoring and development of Management Plan
For public discussion of “Batashki snejnik” PA Management
Plan implementation is determined year 2011. Revision of project
implementation and plan goals is to carried out by NFB- MAF. Organizer
of public discussion- NFB- MAF, with the participation of the bodies,
specified in art. 60, par.2 of PAL.
Annual review of the implementation of the planned
tasks and projects in the MP
The review is implemented till the end of the first
quarter of each year. The report is prepared by “Batashki Snejnik”
PA administration and includes the responsibilities of the bodies
of various level. Check and assessment are made by NFB- MAF, with
the participation of MoEW, MRDPW, MC, Province Administration, Municipality
Administration. Check protocol is endorsed by the Chief of NFB.
Measures for monitoring and control in the MP execution
and the implemented activities and objects.
- In the implementation of Engineering project: Special measures
for tourist infrastructure development are specified in a separate
landscape project aiming restoration of natural environment. The
planned financing in the MP allows monitoring and control over
Plan implementation and the implemented activities and objects.
Deadlines as well as responsible for monitoring and control are
specified.
- Analysis of results from the monitoring of visitors and conflict
monitoring carried out weekly during the tourist season by the
administration body or other entitled executive. In the plan are
specified deadlines and responsible for the organization of monitoring
and control types.
Structure of GIS
Detailed description of the contents of the attributive
database of GIS is included in Roll II: Reports from the studies
and research, made in the process of Plan development.
Standard NATURA 2000 sheet
It is filled in and presented through a specialized
software “Standard NATURA 2000 sheet”.
Maps annexed to “Batashki Snejnik” PA Management
Plan
Map set to the Management Plan
Map 1:
Description and assessment
Type of territory and administrative division- M
1: 10 000
Map 2:
Biological characteristics
Habitats 1: 10 000
Map 3:
Biological characteristics
Vegetation 1: 10 000
Map 4:
Biological characteristics
Vegetation species of conservation status 1: 10 000
Map 5:
Biological characteristics
Distribution of medicinal plants 1: 10 000
Map 6:
Standards, regulations, conditions and recommendations
Functional zoning of the territory with a project
for tourist infrastructure development for the needs of pedestrian
and cognitive tourism- M 1: 10 000
Rolls annexed to the Plan
The following rolls are annexed to the Management
Plan:
Roll I: Legislative documents, letters, opinions
and workshop protocols;
Roll II: Study and research reports, made in the
process of plan/GIS development+ Standard NATURA 2000 sheet;
Roll III: Forests and lands
"Iliya Petrov" ST, 2007